Non-migratory
Unknown
May undertake localized migrations
Spawning occurs in coastal waters
Migratory
Spawning
Nocturnal spawning
No regular migration pattern
Males guard and aerate the eggs
The male builds a nest for the eggs
Males display elaborate courtship behavior
Some populations exhibit migratory behavior
Spawning in open water
Long-distance migratory
Migrates from the ocean to freshwater rivers for spawning
No migration
Monogamous
Varies depending on species
Limited migration
Eggs are laid and fertilized externally
Anadromous
Spawning in freshwater streams
Some individuals migrate between freshwater and estuarine habitats
Egg-laying
Females lay eggs in hidden spots, males guard the nest