Seasonal migrations
Spawning in large groups
Merluccid Hake exhibits a complex migration pattern. It migrates from deep waters to shallower areas for spawning.
The spawning season for Merluccid Hake occurs between January and April. During this time, the fish gather in large schools and release their eggs in the water column.
Non-migratory
Spawning
Some individuals migrate between shallow and deep waters
Nesting and parental care
Milkfish exhibit both coastal and riverine migrations.
During spawning, male milkfish release their sperm while females release their eggs into the water column.
Some species exhibit seasonal migrations
Spawning in shallow areas with gravel or sand substrate
Unknown
Spawn in riffle areas
Some species of Mojarra undertake seasonal migrations
Spawning in coastal waters
Mating takes place at the surface of the water
Guarding of eggs by males
Monkfish do not have a distinct migration pattern. They are mostly sedentary and stay in the same general area.
During the mating season, male monkfish use their elongated pectoral fins to grasp and hold onto the female. This behavior is known as 'pedal grasping'.
Mooneye may undertake short migrations within their freshwater habitats.
During spawning, males and females gather together in groups and release their eggs and sperm into the water.
Migratory, but specific patterns unknown
Group spawning
Pairs form during mating season and engage in elaborate courtship displays
Some populations may migrate between spawning and feeding grounds
Spawning occurs in deep waters