Hickory Shads migrate from the ocean to freshwater rivers to spawn.
During the spawning season, Hickory Shads form large schools and migrate up rivers to spawn in fresh or brackish water. They release their eggs and milt into the water column where fertilization takes place.
Non-migratory
Egg scattering
Some populations exhibit seasonal movement
Males build nests and guard the eggs
Migratory, moving to shallower waters for spawning
Spawning occurs in winter and spring
No long-distance migrations
Courtship involves male biting the female, followed by egg-laying
There is limited information on the migration patterns of horsefish.
After spawning, the eggs hatch into larvae that drift in the open water before settling in suitable habitats.
Houndsharks do not have a specific migration pattern and are relatively sedentary.
During mating, the male bites the pectoral fin of the female, and copulation occurs with the male clamping onto the female's body.
Upstream migration during the spring
Annual migration to spawning grounds
Pairs form to mate
Unknown